Centrum pre nanodiagnostiku materiálov

GRANČIČ, B. – PLEVA, Milan – MIKULA, M. – ČAPLOVIČOVÁ, Mária – SATRAPINSKYY, L – ROCH, Tomáš – TRUCHLÝ, M. – SAHUL, Martin – GREGOR, M. – ŠVEC, Peter, Sr. – ZAHORAN, Miroslav – KÚŠ, Peter

In Surface & Coatings Technology. Vol. 367, June (2019)

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2019.04.017

Abstract

Magnetron co-sputtering from TiB₂ and TaB₂ stoichiometric targets is used to prepare AlB₂-prototype ternary Ti_1-xTa_xB_2±Δ solid solution, with x in the range from 0 to 1. Using this technique, the boron-to-metal ratio (B/Me) varies with the actual Ti and Ta content. The boron-to‑tantalum ratio can be increased by decreasing the TaB₂ target voltage, which has a considerable effect on the coating structure. Coatings with B/Me > 2 reveal highly textured nanocolumnar structure, while the coatings with B/Me < 2 tend to be nanocrystalline (without any preferred crystallite orientation) or amorphous. All the deposited coatings have a hardness higher than 32 GPa. The under-stoichiometric (B/Me < 2) coatings show material pile-up around the cube-corner indent edges, an indication for plastic flow and increased ductility.

BENKOVIČOVÁ, Monika – HOLOS, Ana – NÁDAŽDY, Peter – HALAHOVETS, Yurily – KOTLÁR, Mário – KOLLÁR, Jozef – ŠIFFALOVIČ, Peter – JERGEL, Matej – MAJKOVÁ, Eva – MOSNÁČEK, Jaroslav – IVANČO, Ján

In Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics. Vol. 21, iss. 18 (2019)

Abstract

The ability to control the interparticle distance in self-assembled arrays of nanoparticles plays an important role in a large number of applications, which require tunable electronic and photonic properties. Importantly, practical applications in real devices rely on arrays satisfying more stringent requirements of lateral homogeneity controlled over a large scale. Herein, the interparticle distance in ordered nanoparticle assemblies was controlled by varying the nanoparticle effective size via the molecular chemical nature and chain length of the ligand. Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) were functionalized by three types of ligands, namely (i) a mixture of oleic acid/oleylamine (OA/OAm), (ii) poly(n-butyl acrylate) (PBA) and (iii) polystyrene (PS), while two different molar masses of PBA and PS were used. The polymeric ligands with narrow dispersity and bearing phosphonic chain-end groups were prepared by atom transfer radical polymerization. Functionalization of the IONPs with polymeric ligands was achieved using a ligand exchange method. Both the hydrodynamic diameter and size distribution of the nanoparticles in colloidal solution were determined by dynamic light scattering (DLS). The mean interparticle distances in Langmuir–Schaefer monolayers prepared on solid substrates were assessed by means of the pair correlation function calculated from the atomic force microscopy (AFM) images. Furthermore, the lateral ordering, homogeneity, and interparticle distances averaged over a mesoscopic scale of the ordered monolayers were studied by the grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS) technique. We demonstrate that the (nanoparticle) centre-to-centre distance in the ordered assemblies constituted by the IONPs with the core diameter of about 6 nm can be varied from 7.6 to about 12 nm with the resulting interparticle gap change by a factor of about 4.

Prerna Chauhan, Stanislav Hasenöhrl, Edmund Dobročka, Ľubomír Vančo, Roman Stoklas, Jaroslav Kováč, Peter Šiffalovič, Ján Kuzmík

In Applied Surface Science. Vol.470, (2019)

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2018.10.231

Abstract

Thick (>150nm) InxAl1-xN layers were grown on GaN/sapphire (0001) by organometallic vapor phase epitaxy. Growth temperature of InxAl1-xN layers was reduced from 790 to 730°C, to examine the effects of growth temperature in InxAl1-xN layers grown under H2 carrier gas. Indium incorporation, surface morphology, electrical, and optical properties of InxAl1-xN layers were examined as a function of growth temperature. Increase in In-molar fraction, as determined by high resolution X-ray diffraction, was observed with decreasing growth temperature of InxAl1-xN layers at the expense of surface roughness. Unstrained InxAl1-xN layer was achieved at 730°C under H2 carrier gas with x=0.18. However, InxAl1-xN layer grown under N2 carrier gas at 730°C to study the effects of carrier gas, was observed with two times higher In-molar fraction (x=0.37) and one order lower carrier concentration. This work shows the essential requirement of a multi-characterization approach to establish a connection between structural, electrical, and optical properties to improve our understanding towards InxAl1-xN. Edge threading dislocations density is found to be the most important parameter in deciding the characteristics of an InxAl1-xN layer.

GUARDIA, Laura – SUÁREZ, Loreto – QUEREJETA, Nausika – VRETENÁR, Viliam – KOTRUSZ, Peter – SKÁKALOVÁ, Viera – CENTENO, Teresa A.

In Electrochimica Acta. Vol. 298, iss. 3 (2019)

Abstract

We present a simple and effective alternative which optimizes electrodes based on low-cost carbons for high-performance supercapacitors. The combination with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) greatly improves the operation of microporous carbons easily produced by one-pot activation of grape seeds. The use of composite electrodes with rGO lowers the supercapacitor resistance and enables a much higher rate capability.

The mixture of rGO flakes and particles of a highly porous carbon obtained by KOH activation allows retaining the high capacitance of 260 F g⁻¹ of the standard electrodes at 1 mA cm⁻² in aqueous H₂SO₄ whereas the value at 200 mA cm⁻² is increased by around 2.4 times. Consequently, at high current density, the capacitor assembled with these composites stores eight times more energy and the power density is multiplied by four.

The synergy between rGO and an ultramicroporous carbon produced by CO₂-activation results extremely profitable, the cell assembled with composite electrodes reaching three times more energy and power at 200 mA cm⁻² than the best performance of the standard counterpart.

More importantly, the higher density of the composite electrodes leads to a capacitance of around 200 F cm⁻³ which translates into a remarkable improvement in the supercapacitor operation normalized to volume.

 ZÁPRAŽNÝ, Zdenko – KORYTÁR, Dušan – JERGEL, Matej – HALAHOVETS, Yurily – KOTLÁR, Mário – MATKO, Igor – HAGARA, Jakub – ŠIFFALOVIČ, Peter – KECKES, Jozef – MAJKOVÁ, Eva

In International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology. Vol. 102, iss. 9-12 (2019)

https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-019-03392-z

Abstract

Micro-Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) were used to study the effect of cutting speed and cutting depth on the mode of the single-point diamond fly cutting of Ge(110) surface via crystallinity of the chips. Reducing the cutting depth from 15 to 2 μm and concurrently cutting speed from 10 to 2 mm/min at 2000 rpm, the content of amorphous phase in the chips increased at the expense of the crystalline one from 28 to 46%. Simultaneously, the chip morphology visible by SEM suggested transition from a brittle to a mixed brittle-ductile mode of nanomachining. The damage transition line indicates 1/3 portion of the ductile component at 2-μm cutting depth that produced twisted lamellae of a width of 18–20 μm without any signs of a fracture. As the feed rate here was 1 μm/rev, the tool made 18–20 revolutions while passing the same point of the nanomachined surface that was enough to gradually remove the surface region damaged by the brittle cutting component along with the entire amorphous region beneath, both being delaminated by the chips. This explains the dislocation-free single-crystal lattice beneath the Ge(110) surface machined under these conditions. A close relationship between the brittle mode of nanomachining and crystallinity of the chips observed by micro-Raman spectroscopy and SEM was confirmed by HR-TEM showing dense occurrence of nanocrystals in the chips coming from the nanomachinings with 5-μm and 15-μm cutting depths. These results demonstrate potential of the single-point diamond machining for the preparation of high-quality X-ray surfaces with undistorted single-crystal lattice beneath for next-generation X-ray crystal optics.